Brahmaputra Board now history

The Brahmaputra Board (BB) has been consigned to the pages of history today with the central government stating it has outlived its mandate and would “reincarnate” with a new nomenclature and concept.

After holding the last meeting of the board here at the State Capital Union Minister for Water Resources, Uma Bharti said, the BB would now have a new name “within a week or two” and the entire functioning and mandate would be changed.

“I can declare with a firm conviction that today is the last meeting of the Brahmaputra Board. The next meeting will be held under a new name and concept. It would reincarnate with a new name and concept in which the views of every state will be incorporated. We would decide on the new name within a week or two,” she said at the sidelines of the 8^th meeting of the board here at the State Convention centre.

The Union Minister added the board has outlived its mandate.  The Board which was established in 1980 and was not performing to the expectation of the people and therefore it would be overhauled.

“When the board was formed the aspirations from it was different so was the technology. We would now take suggestions from all stakeholders how to revamp the board and make it more effective with the present day aspirations of the people,” Bharti said.

One of the important roles of the board would be to take care of the flood and erosion caused by the River Brahmaputra annually – an aspect the BB has not been able to tackle effectively.

On the other hand Meghalaya Chief Minister Mukul Sangma has suggested that a Brahmaputra River Basin Management project be established on the tributaries of the River, which would benefit most of the Northeastern States. The Union Minister has already hinted that she has taken a liking for the proposal of the Meghalaya Chief Minister.

On cleaning of the River Brahmaputra, she said, that since the Ganga and the Brahmaputra have the same source of origin and cleaning work on the Ganga has begun, the Ganga cleaning project would have its impact on the River Brahmaputra.

“River Brahmaputra is the elder brother of Ganga and has its origin at Mansarovar so the Ganga cleaning project would have its impact on it. Nonetheless, the Ganga cleaning model would be replicated on different Rivers of the country,” she informed.

Meanwhile, speaking about the controversy over building of dams in the region, she said that the water resources ministry was not against building of dams, but the ecology of the River and the people’s sentiments have to be taken care of while implementing the projects.

“The technical aspect of dam building must be safe in such a way that the ecology is not disturbed and kills Rivers. Moreover, the sentiments of the people must also be taken care of while building the dams and this, I have been told, is being looked into by the Ministry of Power,” Bharti said.

BYE BYE 2014 WELCOME 2015

The year 2014 in Meghalaya is more significant from the Garo Hills context because the impoverished region witnessed unprecedented bloodshed, but again the region saw itself wending historically towards the rest of the world with the first train being flagged off on November 29.

The Mendipathar-Guwahati Railway line of 131-km is a historic event not just because it is Meghalaya’s first rail network, post independence, but also because in a region with poor socio-economic indices it had other significance.

First, the rail network has broken the decade-long opposition against the Railways by organizations in the State arguing it would bring in influx. More importantly, for several decades terrorist, militants and criminals of all hues hoisted the poor developmental indicators of the region on one shoulder and guns on the other and claimed to have the mandate of the people to fight on their behalf for equal opportunity.

However, in the process most of these elements pursued their self-interest and unleashed terror on the hapless people. The year 2014 was particularly brutal as senseless killings by these elements took the lives of several innocent people. There were extortion, kidnapping and other forms of violence and at times Garo Hills cocooned into a world of its own.

Apart from terrorism and militancy, nature was also unkind to the region as flash flood and landslides in September took the lives of over 60 people and destroying property of people several times that number, mostly in West Garo Hills. It was one of the worst natural calamities in the State’s history.

The year also witnessed a significant order by the National Green Tribunal which passed an interim ban on rat-hole coal mining in Meghalaya for causing environmental damages. Earlier this year The Dalai Lama paid a visit to the State during the convocation of the Martin Luther Christian University.

Meanwhile, the Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council scripted a new chapter in its 62-year-old history by electing for the first time a woman, Theilina   S Thangkhiew, as its Chairperson, which is equivalent to a Speaker’s role in the Assembly and Parliament. Another woman, Wansuk Syiem retained her seat at the Rayja Sabha.

However,  yet another woman and Social Welfare Minister Deborah Ch Marak appeared before a local court in Williamnagar, East Garo Hills after she was charge-sheeted for her alleged links with a terrorist outfit.

Which brings us again to the Garo Hills and at the fag end of the year, the State Government did manage to disarm another militant group from the region – Achik National Volunteers Council (ANVC) and its breakaway faction – on December 15 after negotiations that underwent for years.

The ANVC reportedly called the homing coming event its “Ecdysis” – in Zoology, it is the process of shedding the old skin (in reptiles) or casting off the outer cuticle (in insects and other arthropods).

 

And all along this deaths and the constant pressure put on by the security forces on the terrorists, the Home Minister Roshan Warjri put in her papers owning moral responsibility for the losses. Chief Minister Mukul Sangma is yet to decide on her replacement and is holding the Home portfolio.

Sangma on the political front did have a tough year with his own party colleagues from the Congress grumbling silently to replace him. They failed in their effort like on several other occasions.

The Chief Minister after consolidating his position also called out to other militant groups for talks like the Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council and now the ground works are being laid for the talks to move ahead.

Therefore, in 2015 some would  like to undergo Ecdysis, others take wings or some more others simply chug away happily, as Bijay K Marak, the driver of the Mendipathar-Guwahati train from the Garo community did - but all hopefully towards better times where there would be peace and prosperity. 

SEISTA GOOD FOR HEALTH, START DAYDREAMING

Dalliance with your afternoon siesta or power nap is packed with health benefits and experts suggest that a half-hour snooze can actually boost your performance at work by reducing stress and recharging the energy levels.

Sleep specialist Dr. Deelip Chaterjee said that a half an hour siesta in the daytime helps in reducing stress by relaxing the body, but sleeping more than half and hour messes up with the night’s rest and so is not recommended.

“Snoozing for more than half an hour could interfere with your night’s rest and so is not recommended,” Dr. Chaterjee who practices in the US, but has opened a centre in Guwahati for people having sleeping disorders, said here.

A midday rest or siesta is common in most countries with hot climate. The Spanish word siesta derives from the Latin word Sexta Hora meaning sixth hour. Spaniards are strict adherents of siesta so are several communities around the world, including many in India.

 Several great leaders could not do without their power nap. In fact, Winston Churchill coined the word power nap as he believed that having his forty winks in the afternoon helped him to think better! Napoleon, Leonardo Da Vinci, John F Kennedy, Einstein, Thomas Edison amongst others, celebrated siesta almost every day in their lives.

“Edison had an interesting way for his siesta. He used to sit in a couch in the afternoon holding a spoon in his hand and placing a plate at his foot. He used to sleep that way until the spoon dropped from his hand onto the plate and wake him up in about half an hour,” Dr. Chaterjee said.

The physician suggested that an alarm should be set for half an hour’s rest if anyone wants to start this age-old practice to rejuvenate the body and mind. It is unlikely though that by practicing siesta there are greater chances of epiphany and inventing something path-breaking as a light bulb, but just to join the club of daydreamers, give it a shot! 

SANITY IN AN INSANE WORLD - SAN KER

IT’S A MAD MAD WORLD! Or why should anyone ever exploit, abuse, neglect and ridicule “extraordinary people” coping with “extraordinary situations?” But that’s the general attitude of societies all around the world against people with mental illness.

In this rather insane situation, Dr. Sandy Syiem brings in balance and discards the notion that mental illness is perpetual and therefore anyone fighting with such ailments must be treated differently. He states: “mental illness is curable” and has been demonstrating it, with compassion and love, over several decades now.

After Dr. Syiem completed his doctorate from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi back in the 80s,  like all his peers wanted to practise in a Metropolitan city or migrate abroad, but perhaps his fate was pre-destined.

Dr. Syiem recalls that when his brother expired after his studies, his parents insisted that he return home and so he did. After his return to Shillong Dr. Syiem took up a Government job and worked all over the State, looking after the mentally ill patients in different government institute, one such institute was infamously called the “Mawlai Mental Jail.”  

“This was a high security prison for dangerous insurgents from Nagaland, which was later turned into an asylum for the mentally ill,” Dr. Syiem said.

He said that the mentally ill were cramped inside dark cells without ventilation and were treated more as animals than human beings. Dr. Syiem tried to bring in changes, but was stonewalled by bureaucratic red-tapism and so he quit and that’s when he decided to start working on his own and founded the San Ker Rehabilitation Centre.

Dr. Sandy Syiem

The centre is an institute to look after the large number of “uncared mentally ill patients” of the State and is nestled amongst dense pine trees and beautiful surroundings at Mawroh.

“We began with the barest minimum in a cowshed and build the institute from scratch, taking loans in June 1990,” Dr. Syiem said. Now it is a 90 bed facility centre for male and female patients. Along with medication, there are group, individual and vocational therapy sessions. There is, moreover, the counselling sessions for the inmates as well as the families.

In the centre there is a basketball court and also some facilities to play sports. As soon as Dr. Syiem gets inside the centre the inmates surround him speaking about their problems, aspirations and desire to get back home. He consoles and advises each one of them, hugging them individually like a father-figure.

During this round of the centre, Dr. Syiem proudly displays some of the paintings that some of the inmates have created and are now mounted on the walls of the different corners of the institute. He says that many inmates are creatively inclined towards painting and they give colour to their emotions through their beautiful work. He also invites local artists and conducts painting workshops from time to time.

At the centre there are mentally ill patients from all over the region and speaks volume of the kind of importance state governments associate with mental illness. Take the case of a young rape victim from Assam. She has been handed over to the centre by a Government agency from the neighbouring State as there are “no facilities” to treat the girl in that State fighting mental imbalance after the rape.

Ironically, many of the patients who recover and are discharged are not taken back by their families. Geeta Roy, who was left at the centre years back now sits at the centre’s vocational training centre and makes beautiful flowers out of pine cones. “Mein ghar jana chati hu, legin koi mujhe lene nehi ata.” (I want to go home, but nobody from my family is coming to take me back), the frail woman says with remorse.

Dr. Syiem says that he has approached many times to find her family, but to no avail. There are many others who have been simply forgotten by the family. There is this stigma and people are sometimes ashamed to recognize one of their family members being mentally ill, Dr. Syiem says.

He adds that the society’s perception towards the mentally ill patient is stereotypical. Apart from the usual social stigma attached with mentally ill patient, women are worse off. Mentally ill women patients are victims of all forms of exploitation, including rape. He adds that in the first instance most of the mentally ill patients have undergone extreme physical and mental duress in one way or the other, resulting in their breakdown.

And when after recovery the society rejects them they become despondent and desperate further aggravating their situations. Moreover, with only a handful of NGOs working in this field and little Government assistance a large number of such patients ends up on the streets to be hounded and exploited from all quarters.

He further says that people generally don’t talk about mental illness. And they go for treatment quietly, be it at the hands of quacks or faith-healers. “They come here when all other options have been exhausted,” Dr Syiem said.

Interestingly, Dr. Syiem believes that awareness against mental illness is more pronounced in the rural sectors than in the urban areas. He says that in the villages it is not possible to hide anyone suffering from mental illness as the societies are very close-knit, but in the urban centres the case is the opposite.

Meanwhile, there is no authentic data to number the mentally ill patients in the country. So policies and programmes are not accordingly formulated. Moreover, research and studies on mental illness is woefully poor and so is the awareness level amongst the people.

For example, mental illness is associated with violent behaviour, which is necessarily not correct. People coping with diseases like Schizophrenia and Maniac depression can be extremely thoughtful and intelligent.

On the legislation front, the Mental Health Act, 1987 (which replaced the Lunacy Act of 1912) came into force only in 1993. This Act’s objective is to protect the mentally ill from exploitation and abuse and provide them the rights to live as equal citizens.

But this Act has only been cosmetically implemented in States around the country. Experts say that this Act needs to be enforced in letter and spirit and needs further amendments to suit modern science and conditions.

Dr. Syiem has been a vocal advocate for brining in changes in the State in terms of mental health care and says that the State Government needs to do more for the mentally ill in terms of budget allocation and legislation implementation. He points out that in the Meghalaya health budget, just 2 per cent is earmarked for mental health care and has been urging the Government time and again to increase this allocation.

For Dr. Syiem life has been a challenge, right from fighting societal stereotype, government indifference and on his personal front too as a Cancer survivor. Having being diagnosed with Cancer in 1998, he successfully fought it only for the disease to recur in 2001, which he again fought back and recovered. “This is not my fight but of many others and I believe there is a divine grace which has enabled me to do so,” Dr. Syiem says.

On his future plans the doctor has prepared an elaborate blue print for expansion of the centre, which is now run by a trust. There are plans to set up a 100 bedded centre with a hospice and other facilities. He says getting fund for the project is a constraint and has been running to the Government, philanthropic agencies and individuals, for help.

            

Centuries back, Vincent Van Gogh, whose mental instability is now legendary, with some instances being romanticized to a certain degree of sadism, could not sell a single painting during his lifetime as these were taunted and scoffed off as work of a “mad man!”

However Vincent Van Goh once stated “some of the colours I have depicted are not locally true, however they (colours) portray some inherent emotions.” Sadly, many short-sighted individuals and institutions of our present society are still being unable to see and understand these “beautiful minds.”

CMJ (CHANDRA MOHAN JHA) ARRESTED IN BIHAR

The elusive Chancellor of CMJ University, Chandra Mohan Jha, who was arrested yesterday in Bihar, is being brought to the State capital here today by Meghalaya Police.

“Transit remand has been granted and CM Jha is being brought here from Bihar today, subject to availability of ticket,” Director General of Police, Peter JP Hanaman said.

Jha was arrested from Jhanjharpur in Bihar’s Madhubani district where he has filed his candidature for the Lok Sabha elections as an Independent candidate. The Chancellor of the controversial University, named after himself, has been on the run ever since his bail application was rejected by the Supreme Court.

“We have handed over CM Jha to Meghalaya police on a transit remand and he has been taken away,” a senior police official from Madhubani district of Bihar, said.

Jha after issuance of the arrest warrant eluded the police and was suspected to have fled to Bihar his home town. However, he did not surface until now when he was campaigning for the elections in the district.

Jha is wanted in a case related to allegedly issuing fake PhD degrees from his University, which was established by the State Government under the CMJ University Act, 2009, to students around the country and even abroad.

The issue first surfaced when the then Meghalaya Governor Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary as the Visitor of the University in May 20013 found the irregularities in the functioning of the University. On further probe it was allegedly found that fake PhD degrees were being issued to students and was functioning as a “degree mill.”

The Raj Bhavan thereafter filed a criminal complaint with the police against the University and the Chancellor. The Raj Bhavan pointed out that the University awarded PhD degrees to 434 students and enrolled another 490 students in 2012-2013. Many of these students are from Assam and other northeastern States.

The Governor said the University awarded PhD degrees even in subjects like Bodo and Punjabi languages “where guides and faculty are not easily available”. The number of faculty members with PhD degree as furnished by the University is “inaccurate,” Mooshahary had said.

Mooshahary observed that the University repeatedly acted in contravention of Section 52 of the CMJ University Act 2009 in respect of maintenance of standards and other related matters applicable to private Universities,” and therefore recommended its dissolution.

The case was handed over to the CID, which began probe. During the investigations the CID sealed the University and confiscated computers and as many as 10000 PhD theses from its campus. Several officials of the University were arrested and arrest warrant issued against Jha.

Meanwhile, the Supreme Court in its order has left it on the State Government to decide on the dissolution of the University, as recommended by Mooshahary.  The State education has been not taken a decision so far and is holding hearing of students from the University on their degrees, from February this year. 

MEGHALAYA WITNESSES HISTORIC VOTERS' TURNOUT IN LOK SABHA ELECTION 2014

Meghalaya, in India's northeast corner, has recorded a historic 78.13 percent voters’ turnout in Garo Hills during Wednesday’s polling for the Tura Lok Sabha seat, moreover, the States’ overall voters’ turnout of 69.03 per cent is the second highest figure recorded in Lok Sabha election history.

This Garo Hills figure is the highest voters’ turnout in Meghalaya’s Lok Sabha election history that began in 1977 after attaining statehood in 1972. The previous highest figure was 75. 45 recorded in 1998 when the NDA came to power.

The overall State voters’ turnout is the second highest figure, after the 1998 Lok Sabha election voters’ turnout of 74.38 per cent.

Chief Electoral Officer, Prashant Naik, releasing the final figures said today, that overall the State recorded a voters’ turnout of 69.03 per cent, which is an increase of 5 per cent from the last Lok Sabha elections of 2009.

In fact, in the past ten Lok Sabha elections that were held from 1977, the average voters’ turnout in Meghalaya has been 58.44 per cent. So a turnout above 60 per cent is normally considered good by the State elections department.

With such an election history and coupled with the militancy problem in Garo Hills, the region’s turnout has been beyond expectations. A number of factors contributed to this rise and the commendable awareness campaign undertaken by the Election department to motivate voters is one of them, as well as the contesting candidates – Purno Sangma from the National People’s Party and Daryl Momin from the Congress.

But, apart from the campaigns and candidates, the people in the militancy-infested region did seem to exercise the power at their disposal more forcefully and try bringing about positive changes in the region and their lives. There were 5.9 lakh registered voters for the Tura Seat, of which, 4.6 lakh voters exercised their right to franchise.

In Shillong constituency, 63.58 per cent cast their vote. The turnout in Shillong is the third highest for Lok Sabha elections. In 1998, 73.70 per cent cast their vote followed by 72.51 per cent in 1983. There were 9.8 lakh registered voters for the Shillong seat, of which, 6.2 lakh voters cast their ballot. Sitting Congres candidate Vincent Pala is seeking re-election in a multi-corned contest which includes Paul Lyngdoh (UDP), BJP’s Shibun Lyngdoh, Aam Admi Party candidate, Amerington Kharshiing, Richard D Shabong of the CPI and three independent candidates – Prechard BM Basaiawmoit, Denis Siangshai and  Ivoryna Shylla.

Overall, there were 15.66 lakh registered voters in Meghalaya and 10. 80 lakh cast their vote. Female voters with 70.09 per cent outnumbered their male counterpart (67.95 per cent) in casting their votes.

Amongst the 60-Assembly segments, Pynursla in East Khasi Hills recorded the lowest voters’ turnout with 52.65 per cent and the highest was recorded in Mahendraganj constituency, in West Garo Hills, with 86.40 per cent.

Meanwhile, all the polling officials have returned to their respective headquarters and the EVMs have been kept in strong rooms in 13 centres across the State fitted with CCTVs, Naik informed. (Eom)

ELECTION INDIA - Is India at the threshold of a Progressive Era like that of the US?

Is India at the threshold of a Progressive Era like that of the US?

India is at the crossroads - more at a multiple-way intersection without traffic lights, police and surely no Zebra crossing.  However, more Indians, than ever before, would take this road. They would brave the onslaught of the no-holds-barred political traffic and predators – some would succumb – in this quinquennial migration of Indians’ search for greener pastures in one of the greatest spectacles on Earth called the Indian General Elections.

Along with the 81.5 crore voters are 2.3 crore new young voters, who are now strong and capable enough to take this journey and forever have their indelible mark in Nation building. The new voters constituting 10 per cent of the total voters  is the highest number of such voters in India’s election history. A lot many of these new voters aren't the gullible kind any longer, but are educated well-informed and therefore would make informed choices and demand for their rights. They are already seeking answers for the chaos and muck around and demanding a clean-up job – for confirmation run through some of the social media sites. These days a good many guys in the rural area have mobile phones loaded with Facebook, Whatsup etc. This is precisely the story of the great migration that Nations undertake through time in their journey towards a State of development.

Take the example of one of the most powerful Nations on the Planet - the United States. During the 1890s, the United States was growing as an Industrialized Nation. Factories, business houses, banks, roads, ports, railways were being created at a furious pace.  And with this developmental rage the ugly heads of corruption and crony capitalism rose, labourers were crushed under the burden of greed, women and race were disregarded and humiliated, environment was abused. Something similar is happening in India now, if we factor in the local conditions and issues. There are  more industries being developed, there are talks of corporatizing railways, ports, airports, creating new roads and a whole lot of new ideas.

The period from 1890 to 1920 was the Progressive Era in American history. A number of people and organizations rose to fight together against the prevalent criminal-chaos and contributed in America’s path breaking reforms during that era. One of the campaigns was the Efficiency Movement. The movement tried to identify old rotting ways and introduce modern means in the political, social, economic and personal fronts. It was during this period that women first got their right to suffrage in 1920 when an organization called the Women’s Suffrage Association continued a sustained campaign to allow women to vote. In 1920 the American Constitution ratified the Nineteenth Amendments and declared men and women are equal in terms of suffrage.

India   is at war to make the country a safer place for women against perverts and those misogynists who have failed to provide equal space for women in social, political and the economic arena. There is the women's reservation bill. (However, it is debatable if reservations on the basis of caste, race, religion or gender is the answer or would further polarize Indians from Indians. The more viable option would be reservation on the basis of Human Poverty Index.) Nonetheless, 49 per cent of the voters are women, who would give their verdict during this election.

It was during the Progressive Era, several political reforms were undertaken such as adoption of Direct Primary. The Seventeenth Amendment to the American Constitution in 1917, enabled people to elect US senators directly, rather than being selected by corrupt State legislatures. This move gave people more say on the kind of candidates they wished to see in the elections. People were also encouraged to drop proposals in ballot boxes for new legislation, with adequate number of people’s signatures, so that referendum could be undertaken on these proposals. Recalling of non-performing candidates was also introduced.

How wonderful it would be if political parties in India hold elections amongst it cadres  for allotting tickets, rather than doling them to the biggest buyer, the notorious crook or someone who has the birthright on tickets because of having a particular surname. Moreover, one of the scourges of the Indian democracy is the use of “unaccounted” money during elections. There have been proposals for political parties to come under the purview of the Right to Information. Ironically, some parties which preach about the RTI and its efficacy aren’t the best practitioners of this legislation and refuse to come under its preview. 

However, one of the major election reforms undertaken in India recently was introduction of Non Of The Above or NOTA option. This button is a great step in participatory democracy. It has given the freedom to disenchanted voters to come to the polling station and press the button in case he/she dislikes all the participating candidates – chances are a lot will do that. But the Election Commission needs to spell out what steps it would take if the number of votes cast in favour of NOTA is more than the votes cast in favour of individual candidates. Re-election? Anna Hazare and his movement has to be credited for this reform and of course the Supreme Court. Hazare is seeking for recall just like the US, but again the local conditions have to be factored in for implementing such a proposal. He has led a historic movement for Lokayukta, that the Ombudsman would look into corruption in public spaces.

Another important aspect of the Progressive Era was the Muckrakers and the advent of new media houses. The Muckrakers were a group of reform-minded journalists who constantly carried out investigative report on the industries and brought to the public notice about the corrupt business practices and also on the issues of labour rights and consumer protection. It was during this era that new guidelines were set to regulate big business houses and industries. The US federal government with the assistance of newly passed legislations, such as Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 sued big business houses for monopolizing businesses and also pressed charges for selling stocks that could lead to monopoly - did we hear something similar in recent times about corruption in big business houses in India?

Moreover, the US federal government under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the banking sector was regulated by monitoring the use of deposits and protecting the interest of the depositors. It was during this period that a tax reform regime was introduced through the Sixteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Amendment, for the first time, made it mandatory for the wealthy to pay Income Tax.

In India tax collection is still a big challenge. Reform in the tax regime is long overdue and a relook is needed on getting the wealth stashed abroad illegally, what is infamously called as black money. An “Industrialised” Nation like the US recently put pressure on the Swiss Government on its notorious banking secrecy law and managed to dig out names of US citizens by threatening to take legal action. Switzerland buckled. Can India take similar steps? Sure it can! At the top of the campaign to bring back black money stashed abroad has been the vocal Yoga Guru, Baba Ramdev.

Moreover, during the Progressive Era the US federal government also carried out sweeping reforms and enacted law for minimum wages for labourers and regulating working hours, fixing minimum wages for women, who were not paid equally as men for the same work performed and abolishing child labour, albeit it happened in some States initially. It was the Muckrakers who provided vital information and evidences for the government to act.

Although in India we don’t’ have the Muckrakers, but in recent years the mushrooming media houses have acted as a commendable watchdog. Some of the major scams such as Adarsh, Commonwealth Games, 2G and Coal mine scam and others were exposed with the help of the media and other agencies.  The advent of the 24X7 media channels – save some of the cacophony and chaos and some not above suspicion at times - have been a blessing for the masses.

When it comes to environment protection, the progressive Era showed the way with US President Theodore Roosevelt passing a landmark decree in which about 200 million acre (roughly the size of France and Britain) was set aside as National Forest. It was during this period that Roosevelt established five National Parks and barred lumber companies and ranchers from using public land illegally.

In India there has been rampant abuse of its environment over the past few decades. The Rivers are being polluted and trees are being felled randomly despite a historic judgment by the Supreme Court to stop timber felling. Moreover, the mining industry has violated environmental norms time and again and has got away due to a strong lobby in the corridors of power. The creation of the National Green Tribunal is a welcome decision of the Supreme Court, which now hears cases exclusively related to the environment, but more needs to be done in terms of legislation and prosecution.

Although the conditions in the two largest democracies are worlds apart, but there are also similarities that India and Indians can draw inspiration from America. Moreover, India has the advantage of its vast Human resource some doing outstanding work. It is an Indian who is working on an invisible cloak, the stuff of a science fiction. It is again an Indian who has invented a paper microscope and there are a million such talents and therefore it gives all the more conviction in quoting US President Roosevelt from the Progressive Era who said “believe you can and you are half way there.” (eom)